4,836 research outputs found
Employer Demand for Welfare Recipients by Race
This paper uses new survey data on employers in four large metropolitan areas to examine the determinants of employer demand for welfare recipients. The results suggest a high level of demand for welfare recipients, though such demand appears fairly sensitive to business cycle conditions. A broad range of factors, including skill needs and industry, affect the prospective demand for welfare recipients among employers, while other characteristics that affect the relative supply of welfare recipients to these employers (such as location and employer use of local agencies or welfare-to-work programs) influence the extent to which such demand is realized in actual hiring. Moreover, the conditional demand for black (and to a lesser extent Hispanic) welfare recipients lags behind their representation in the welfare population and seems to be more heavily affected by employers’ location and indicators of preferences than by their skill needs or overall hiring activity. Thus, a variety of factors on the demand side of the labor market continue to limit the employment options of welfare recipients, especially those who are minorities.
First Evaluation of Dynamic Aperture at Injection for FCC-hh
In the Hadron machine option, proposed in the context of the Future Circular
Colliders (FCC) study, the dipole field quality is expected to play an
important role, as in the LHC. A preliminary evaluation of the field quality of
dipoles, based on the NbSn technology, has been provided by the magnet
group. The effect of these field imperfections on the dynamic aperture, using
the present lattice design, is presented and first tolerances on the b and
b multipole components are evaluated
Are Suburban Firms More Likely to Discriminate Against African Americans?
This paper presents a test of the hypothesis that employers in suburban locations are more likely to discriminate against African Americans than are employers located in central cities. Using a difference-in-difference framework, we compare central-city/suburban differences in racial hiring outcomes for firms where a white person is in charge of hiring (white employers, for short) to similar geographic differences in outcomes for firms where a black person is in charge of hiring (black employers). We find that both suburban black and white employers hire fewer blacks than their central-city counterparts. Moreover, the central-city/suburban hiring gap among black employers is as large as, or larger than, that of white employers. Suburban black employers, however, receive many more applications from blacks and hire more blacks than do white firms in either location.
DoMA Statutes and Same-Sex Divorce Litigation
For the purposes of writing a article on same-sex divorce, it became necessary to categorize the various state Defense of Marriage Act (DoMA) statutes and constitutional amendments to analyze how each type of DoMA might handle a petition for same-sex divorce. In doing so, I developed six different categories: (1) No DoMA; (2) Definitional DoMAs; (3) DoMAs that void same-sex marriages; (4) DoMAs that explicitly deny benefits of marriage; (5) DoMAs that declare that there is no same-sex marriage to dissolve; and (6) DoMAs that explicitly prohibit same-sex divorce. This document shows which state DoMAs fall into each of these categories. The states listed in each category are also color coded to show if there is same-sex divorce caselaw precedent in that jurisdiction and, if so, whether same-sex divorce was granted or denied
Defense of Marriage Acts: A Fifty State Survey
This document includes every DoMA statute and constitutional amendment in all 50 states in alphabetical order as of January 31, 2012. The text of these laws is provided, as well as a link to the statute or constitutional amendment on Westlaw
Within Cities and Suburbs: Racial Residential Concentration and the Spatial Distribution of Employment Opportunities across Submetropolitan Areas
In this paper, we examine and compare the spatial distributions of jobs and people across submetropolitan areas using data on firms from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and data on people from the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The results indicate that less-educated people and those on public assistance mostly reside in areas with high minority populations. Low-skill jobs are quite scarce in these areas, while the availability of such jobs relative to less-educated people in heavily white suburban areas is high. Large fractions of the low-skill jobs in these metropolitan areas are not accessible by public transit. Furthermore, there is significant variation within both central cities and suburbs in the ethnic composition of residents and in the availability of low-skill jobs. The ability of various minority groups to gain employment in each area depends heavily on the ethnic composition of the particular area.
The Magic Number Problem for Subregular Language Families
We investigate the magic number problem, that is, the question whether there
exists a minimal n-state nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) whose
equivalent minimal deterministic finite automaton (DFA) has alpha states, for
all n and alpha satisfying n less or equal to alpha less or equal to exp(2,n).
A number alpha not satisfying this condition is called a magic number (for n).
It was shown in [11] that no magic numbers exist for general regular languages,
while in [5] trivial and non-trivial magic numbers for unary regular languages
were identified. We obtain similar results for automata accepting subregular
languages like, for example, combinational languages, star-free, prefix-,
suffix-, and infix-closed languages, and prefix-, suffix-, and infix-free
languages, showing that there are only trivial magic numbers, when they exist.
For finite languages we obtain some partial results showing that certain
numbers are non-magic.Comment: In Proceedings DCFS 2010, arXiv:1008.127
Direct measurement of shear-induced cross-correlations of Brownian motion
Shear-induced cross-correlations of particle fluctuations perpendicular and
along stream-lines are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Direct
measurements of the Brownian motion of micron-sized beads, held by optical
tweezers in a shear-flow cell, show a strong time-asymmetry in the
cross-correlation, which is caused by the non-normal amplification of
fluctuations. Complementary measurements on the single particle probability
distribution substantiate this behavior and both results are consistent with a
Langevin model. In addition, a shear-induced anti-correlation between
orthogonal random-displacements of two trapped and hydrodynamically interacting
particles is detected, having one or two extrema in time, depending on the
positions of the particles.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The FCC-ee Interaction Region Magnet Design
The design of the region close to the interaction point of the FCC-ee
experiments is especially challenging. The beams collide at an angle (+-15
mrad) in the high-field region of the detector solenoid. Moreover, the very low
vertical beta_y* of the machine necessitates that the final focusing
quadrupoles have a distance from the IP (L*) of around 2 m and therefore are
inside the main detector solenoid. The beams should be screened from the effect
of the detector magnetic field, and the emittance blow-up due to vertical
dispersion in the interaction region should be minimized, while leaving enough
space for detector components. Crosstalk between the two final focus
quadrupoles, only about 6 cm apart at the tip, should also be minimized.Comment: Poster presented at IPAC16, May 8-13, Busan, Kore
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